Sid Meier's Civilization V/Social Policies

Social policies replace the civics or government systems found in previous installments. They cost culture to adopt, and each contribute to getting a Cultural Victory, as completing five social policy branches are required to build the Utopia Project, the condition to get a Cultural Victory. However, the cost of each social policy increases by 30% with every city you build or annex. Each social policy consists of an opener, five sub-policies and a finisher. The opener and the sub-policies must be obtained seperately, while the effects of the finisher is automatically granted once all of the sub-policies of a certain social policy are adopted.

Certain social policies cannot be active at the same time, for example Piety and Rasionalism. Changing between these policies will make you enter a turn of anarchy, where you gain no gold, science or production. You can switch back any time for no culture cost, but it will cost more turns of anarchy.

Tradition
Tradition is the adherence to the rules and decisions laid by earlier generations. Tradition is a great policy for civilizations of any size, but it is especially good for small empires aiming for a few, well-built cities. The opener cuts the culture cost of acquiring tiles significantly, helping you exapnd and obtain more land.
 * Available from: Ancient Era
 * Opener: +3 culture in capital city and increased border expansion.
 * Finisher: +15% food growth and +2 food in each city (+2 food is replaced with an Aqueduct in the first four cities in G&K).

The growth bonus from the finisher stacks with other growth bonuses, including Landed Elite, helping your population grow and letting your citizens focus on other aspects like production as well as letting you support more specialists. The free Aqueducts will boost your growth further, as well as saving some production or gold to be used for other buildings.

Aristocracy
Aristocracy is a government system where the elite members of the society rule the country. The wonder production boost is dependant on whether you will be building a bunch of wonders, but it is quite significant and stacks with other production-boosting buildings. The happiness boost helps you maintain a high population city and reduce the unhappiness that usually results from it.
 * +15% production when building wonders and +1 happiness for every 10 citizens in your city.

Legalism
Legalism refers to a strict adherence to the law among the rulers and the citizens. The free culture buildings it provides you helps save some turns for producing them normally. You don't have to worry if you do not have any culture buildings available to build in your cities or if you have less than 4 cities, since the free buildings will be provided after you research a certain technology that enables new culture buildings or when you found a new city. While you will usually get it to get 4 free Monuments, delaying the adoption of Legalism can sometimes let you get better buildings, such as Siam's Wats that replaces the university.
 * Provides a free culture building in your first 4 cities.

Oligarchy
Oligarchy is a government operated by certain members of a society, such as a tribe or a family. It enhances the city's damage during bombardment, but doesn't actually increase the defensive boost from the combined combat strength when garrisoned. Without having to maintain garrisoned units, you can afford to field a larger army.
 * No maintainance cost for garrisoned units, cities with a garrison gain +100% (+50% in G&K) ranged combat strength.

Landed Elite
Landed Elite is a policy where the area of land owned determies how powerful a person is. It gives a fair boost of food in your capital and stacks with other growth enhancers like the Tradition finisher. With it, you can shift your citizens to focus on other tiles or assign more as specialists.
 * Prerequsites: Legalism
 * +10% growth and +2 food in the capital city.

Monarchy
Monarchy is a system where all power is held by one person, who usually inherits the throne from a previous ruler. The bonuses this policy provides helps you build up a large capital and get rewarded for doing so. The reduced unhappiness also stacks with other unhappiness modifiers multiplicatively. The gold bonus is considered as part of the city's output and is modified by buildings accordingly.
 * Prerequisites: Legalism
 * +1 gold and -1 unhappiness for every 2 citizens in the capital.

Liberty
Liberty is a belief that the citizens in a country deserve to be free from physical restraint or control. It is most suitable for civilizations that want to expand rapidly, since its bonuses help in setting up and managing lots of cities. The opener provides a small increase in culture to slightly offset the exponentially increasing cost of social policies when founding new cities, while also letting new cities start producing culture and expand before any culture buildings are built.
 * Available from: Ancient Era
 * Opener: +1 culture in each city.
 * Finisher: Free Great Person of your choice appears near city.

The finisher can be used in a variety of ways. You can choose to get a Great Engineer to finish a useful wonder, choose a Great Scientist to advance your technology or choose a Great Prophet to found or enhance a religion if you have trouble accumulating faith. The type of Great Person you want depends on your current situation, but any Great Persons is a valuable asset to your empire.

Collective Rule
Collective Rule is a governing system where every member (at least, most members) of society get to participate in the governing process. The free settler is very useful, as founding an early second city will be incredibly beneficial throughout the game. The increased production of settlers also let you create more settlers in a shorter amount of time and found more cities.
 * Prerequisites: Republic (G&K)
 * Settlers produced 50% faster, free settler appears near capital.

Citizenship
Citizenship acknowledges a certain group of people as citizens of a country, giving them privileges foreigners and non-citizens lack. A free early worker can bring dramatic benefits, letting you boost certain tile yields. The improvement boost lets you create them slightly faster, which can stack with the bonus granted by the Pyramids.
 * Construction of improvements increased by 25%, worker appears near capital.

Republic
Republic is a government ruled by representatives of the people. It gives you an early production boost for building up new cities. The +5% production boost scales with your total production in a city, making it a useful boost throughout the game.
 * Prerequisites: Collective Rule
 * +1 production in each city and +5% production in cities when constructing buildings.

Representation
Representation is a goverments system where citizens elect representatives to run the nation. It's culture cost reduction helps offset the increasing costs of social policies that comes with having a wide empire. The reduction from cities also applies to cities you've already founded before adopting Representation. The instant Golden Age also helps to give a short but vital boost to production and gold income.
 * Prerequisites: Citizenship
 * The increase in culture cost of social policies from newly founded cities reduced by 33%, starts a Golden Age when adopted.

Meritocracy
Meritocracy is a government system where officials are selected based on merit, and not heredity. It is usually the last policy in the Liberty branch to be adopted, as trade routes are enabled a bit later in the game and the unhappiness reduction is minute. However, the happiness boost might just be enough to keep your citizens content.
 * Prerequisites: Citizenship
 * +1 happiness for each city connected to the capital through trade routes, -5% unhappiness from citizens in non-occupied cities.

Honor
In an honor-bound society, citizens are judged by their honorable qualities, and failure to uphold one's honor can be worse than death. Honor improves your military and is decent in most situations, but especially if you fear barbarians or want to start early wars. The opener can be quite helpful no matter what strategy you choose to employ, as you are going to encounter barbarians early on, and clearing encampments can give you an economic boost, in addition to the Culture boost you get from adopting Honor. The Culture gained from a defeated barbarian depends on the barbarian unit's combat strength, and stacks with the Aztecs' unique ability.
 * Available from: Ancient Era
 * Opener: +25% (+33% in G&K) combat strength against barbarians, get notified about new barbarian encampments discovered within revealed territory. Defeating barbarians grant culture to the empire.
 * Finisher: Grants gold for each enemy unit killed.

The Finisher encourages you to kill enemies so you can get Gold equal to its base combat strength. While the bounty will rarely be enough to let you buy or upgrade units, it does help keep your economy alive if you go to war a lot, which usually means losing some trade partners.

Warrior Code
A Warrior Code represents military organizations where its members feel a strong allegiance to it. The unit production boost stacks with the Forge, helping you produce units faster. However, this aspect of the policy is lost with the advent of Musketmen, as they and future non-ranged, non-siege and non-mounted units are considered gunpowder units. The free Great General is quite powerful for starting early wars, and can help you overcome an enemy advantage.
 * +15% Production when training melee units, Great General appears near capital.

Discipline
Discipline refers to a willingness of a soldier to carry out orders from a superior. It supports having units close together, simple as that.
 * +10% (15% in G&K) combat strength for military units when another friendly military unit in an adjacent tile.

Military Tradition
Military Tradition refers to honoring a romanticizing service in the nation's military. The increased experience will help your units gain promotions faster, letting them take the stronger ones like March and Logistics sooner. Unfortunately, the increased experience does not increase the progress of obtaining a Great General or a Great Admiral, though it is still powerful nonetheless.
 * Prerequisites: Warrior Code
 * Military units gain 50% more experience.

Military Caste
Military Caste refers to a military in which all members are from a certain class of society. The policy is better for sprawling empires as you will have more cities to garrison, provided that you have enough spare units to do so. It is basically providing an extra Monument to your cities, but with the extra benefit of maintaining happiness.
 * Prerequisites: Discipline
 * Each city with a garrison increases empire happiness by 1 and culture by 2.

Professional Army
A Professional Army is an army composed of people specifically trained for military services, instead of recruiting any particularly strong person during wartime. The reduced upgrade cost helps you maintain a modern army easier, while leaving you with more gold in your treasury to be spent on other matters. The happiness boost from defensive buildings are decent, though the buildings by themselves won't be of too much use if you're playing aggressively.
 * Prerequisites: Military Caste
 * Gold cost for unit upgrades reduced by 33%, +1 happiness from every defensive building (Walls, Castle, Arsenal, Military Base).

Piety
Piety refers to a devotion to a particular religion. The Piety branch gives you bonuses for Culture and, with the introduction of religion in Gods and Kings, Faith. It cannot be active at the same time as Rationalism, and switching to Rationalism with Piety active will result in one turn of anarchy. Generally, Rationalism is more preferable than Piety, but Piety is almost mandatory when going for a Cultural Victory.
 * Available from: Classical Era
 * Opener: Reduces time to build culture-granting buildings (In G&K, reduces time to build Shrines and Temples).
 * Finisher: Reduces cost of future social policies by 10% (In G&K, reduces faith cost of religious units and buildings by 20% while Holy Sites provide 3 gold and 3 culture).
 * Conflicts with: Rationalism

The opener is very useful for setting up cities, as Monuments are likely among the first things you build upon founding one, and remains effective until the Modern Era if you want to generate a lot of culture through buildings. In Gods and Kings, the opener helps you found a religion faster, as Shrines will also be an early priority for new cities. However, as Temples are the last faith-generating building that requires Production, it loses its luster later on.

The finisher is a simple cost decrease helpful for getting closer to a Cultural Victory, letting you finish Social Policy branches quickly. In Gods and Kings, it's effects are more focused on religion, making useful religious units like Missionaries cheaper to purchase. You also have more incentive to generate or buy Great Prophets, since setting up Holy Sites will provide great yields when worked.

Organized Religion
An Organized Religion is a religion with set practices and beliefs. It provides some extra Happiness for the early Culture buildings you will likely construct, though its effects suit a wide empire with many cities better, which is a bit contrary to the playstyle when going for a Cultural Victory. In Gods and Kings, it improves you Faith-generating buildings. As Shrines are among the first thing you build in a new city and are made cheaper by the opener, you can generate a significant amount of Faith in a rather short time.
 * +1 happiness for every Monument, Temple and Monastery (In G&K, +1 faith from Shrines and Temples).

Mandate of Heaven
Mandate of Heaven is a belief that a ruler was elected as such by a divine force. It synergize very well with a strategy focused on triggering Golden Ages, which usually involves getting lots of excess happiness to trigger them. While it doesn't increase border growth, the additional Culture can be very high if you're generating a lot of Happiness.
 * 50% of excess happiness from each turn added into culture total for getting Social Policies.

Theocracy
Theocracy is a country ruled by religious leaders. Since adopting Piety means you're aiming for a Cultural Victory or trying to improve your religion, you will likely be building a lot of Temples. The bonus is percentage-based, meaning that large cities with a lot of focus on Gold can get a great income boost.
 * Prerequisites: Organized Religion
 * Temples increase a city's gold output by 10%

Reformation
Reformation is a big movement that seeks to reform a religion that seems to have strayed from its principles. The bonus stacks with other similar percentage-based increasing buildings and wonders like the Broadcast Tower and the Sistine Chapel, potentially letting you double your Culture output. The Golden Age also provides a temporary Culture output boost in addition to its other effects.
 * Prerequisites: Organized Religion
 * 33% increase in culture for cities with a World Wonder, also starts a Golden Age.

Religious Tolerance
Religious Tolerance is a policy where citizens are not forced to adopt a certain religion, letting them choose one themselves. As building Monuments and Temples are a given for Cultural Victories, you'll simply boost the Culture output of all of your cities. The free Social Policy is also nothing to laugh at, effectively letting you get two policies at once without increasing the cost of the next policy. In Gods and Kings, Piety's former finisher effect is moved to Religious Tolerance, giving you a more mundane but still effective cost decrease for Social Policies.
 * Prerequisites: Reformation, Mandate of Heaven
 * +1 culture for every Monument, Temple and Monastery, also grants one free Social Policy (In G&K, Reduces cost of future policies by 10%).

Patronage

 * Available from: Medieval Era
 * Opener: City-State Influence degrades 25% slower.
 * Finisher: Causes City-State influences of other civilizations to degrade 33% faster.

Patronage is where the wealthy and powerful support talented artisans in society. All of its policies are related to relationships with City-States, making it almost mandatory for a Diplomatic Victory and a useful supplement to any strategy that involves long-term alliances with City-States. The opener is a very straightforward buff that lets you maintain a friendship or alliance with a City State longer. The finisher helps you compete for the influences of City-States with other countries, being enough to cancel out Patronage's own opener bonus.

Philanthropy
Philanthropy is a policy where the rich decide to give their wealth back to the public in some form. It is another simple bonus that lets you gain more Influence with the same amount of gold. This policy combined with the opener means that you need to invest less Gold overall to maintain your relationship with a City-State.
 * Gold gifts to City-States provide 25% more Influence.

Aesthetics
Aesthetics is the policy which is concerned with the creation and appreciation of beauty. The free Influence means that completing any quest will likely turn you into their ally. Again, it reduces the amount of Gold you need to maintain a long-term relationship with a City-State.
 * Minimum Influence for to all City-States increased to 20.

Scholasticism

 * Prerequisites: Philanthropy
 * Allied City-States provide a science bonus equal to 25% of what they generate for themselves.

Cultural Diplomacy

 * Prerequisites: Scholasticism
 * Quantity of resources gifted from City-States increased by 100%. Happiness from gifted luxury resources increased by 50%.

Educated Elite

 * Prerequisites: Scholasticism, Aesthetics
 * City-States will occasionally gift you Great Persons.

Commerce

 * Available from: Medieval Era
 * Opener: Boosts gold output in capital by 25%
 * Finisher: +1 gold from every specialist (In G&K, +1 gold from every Trading Post and doubled gold from Great Merchant trading missions. May also purchase Great Merchants with faith).

Naval Tradition

 * +1 movement for all naval units and +1 sight for naval combat units (In G&K, also grants +2 movement for Great Admirals and creates a Great Admiral near the capital).

Trade Unions

 * Road and railroad maintainance cost reduced by 33%, Harbors and Seaports grant +1 gold.

Merchant Navy

 * Prerequisites: Naval Tradition
 * +3 production in coastal cities

Mercantilism

 * Prerequisites: Trade Unions
 * Cost for purchasing items in cities reduced by 33%. (In G&K, also grants 1 science for every Mint, Market, Bank and Stock Exchange).

Protectionism

 * Prerequisites: Mercantilism
 * +1 happiness from each luxury resourse.

Rationalism

 * Available from: Renaissance Era
 * Opener: +50% science granted by Research Agreements. (In G&K, +15% science output when empire has positive happiness).
 * Finisher: +1 gold from science buildings. (In G&K, grants 2 free technologies)
 * Conflicts with: Piety

Secularism

 * +2 science from every specialist.

Humanism

 * +1 happiness from every University, Observatory and Public School.

Free Thought

 * Prerequisites: Secularism
 * +1 science from Trading Posts, +17% science from Universities.

Sovereignty

 * Prerequisites: Humanism
 * +15% science when empire has positive happiness. (In G&K, +1 gold from science buildings).

Scientific Revolution

 * Prerequisites: Free Thought
 * 2 free technologies. (In G&K, +50% science granted by Research Agreements).

Freedom

 * Available from: Industrial Era
 * Opener: Great People spawn rate increased by 25%.
 * Finisher: Increases the yiled from Great Tile Improvements by 100% and increses the length of Golden Ages by 50%.
 * Conflicts with: Autocracy and Order

Constitution

 * +2 culture from each World Wonder.

Universal Suffrage

 * Combat strength of cities increased by 33%.

Civil Society

 * Specialists consume half the normal amount of food.

Free Speech

 * Prerequisites: Constitution
 * 8 units are maintainance free.

Democracy

 * Prerequisites: Civil Society
 * Specialists produce half the normal amount of unhappiness.

Autocracy

 * Available from: Industrial Era
 * Opener: Reduces gold maintainance for military units by 33%. (In G&K, also receive 10 culture for every point of culture a city produces when capturing that city).
 * Finisher: Grants a 20% attack bonus to all military units for 30 turns (25% attack bonus for 50 turns in G&K).
 * Conflicts with: Freedom and Order

Populism

 * Wounded military units do 25% more damage.

Militarism

 * Gold cost of purchasing units reduced by 33%.

Facism

 * Prerequisites: Populism and Militarism
 * Quantity of strategic resources in empire increased by 100%. (In G&K, also grants +2 movement for all Great Generals).

Police State

 * Prerequisites: Militarism
 * +3 happiness from every Courthouse, build Courthouses in half the normal time. (In G&K, effectiveness of enemy spies reduced by 25% and 25% increased chance of catching enemy spies for your counter-spies).

Total War

 * Prerequisites: Facism and Police State
 * +15% production (25% in G&K) when building military units, new military units start with 15 experience.

Order

 * Available from: Industrial Era
 * Opener: +1 happiness for each city
 * Finisher: +1 food, production, science, gold and culture for each city (+2 in G&K).
 * Conflicts with: Freedom and Autocracy

United Front

 * Militaristic City-States grant units twice as often when at war with a common foe.

Planned Economy

 * Factories increase science output by 25%. (In G&K, also halves the building time for Factories).

Nationalism

 * 25% bonus (+15% in G&K) when fighting in friendly territory.

Socialism

 * Prerequisites: Planned Economy
 * Maintainance cost of buildings reduced by 15%

Communism

 * Prerequisites: Socialism
 * +2 production per city and +10% production when constructing buildings. (In G&K, the +10% production bonus is replaced with +1 Production for every Mine and Quarry).