Pharaoh/Making Money

One of the key elements of Pharaoh (but not the only one!) is keeping your budget in black numbers (i.e. positive) in the long run. It's natural to spend most or all of your starting funds on founding a city, but finishing year after year with a deficit will only ultimately get you to fail the mission, and the "ultimately" doesn't even have to take so long. Before proceeding, you may want to check out the pages on Trade, Industry and Civil Service first, in addition to the Getting Started section in case you are unclear on the basics.

Main Factors in Money Balances
This is an overview of all that influences your money supply in the game, with some numbers for a better understanding.


 * Starting Funds: You cannot influence the amount that you get to begin the mission with. It is mission-specific and also difficulty-specific - you get noticeably less in the same missions in each higher difficulty. For example on "Easy" the typical starting funds in later missions range between 6 000 - 10 000 db (debens, the in-game currency).
 * Rescue Funds: You get these the moment your finances drop to zero for the first time in the mission. You only get solicited once. If you spend this money, you enter debt. Their amount is generally about 2/3 of the starting funds for the given mission.
 * Debt: You can be indebted up to 5000 db., more just isn't possible - construction will become unavailable, imports will be stopped, even wages will not be paid out (imagine what that does with your city sentiment...) when you reach -5000 db. Also, you have to pay interest on your debt, which further deepens your problems. Obviously, the more debt, the higher the amount you have to pay in interest.
 * Wages: You have to pay your working populace, and you have to pay them enough, otherwise they become really upset with you really fast. The default wage is 30 db./10 workers. The pesky thing about wages is that they tend to change. Unless you play on Very Easy where this happens rarely, wages will change several times a mission in the later missions, randomly up or down, usually by an amount of 2-3 db./10 workers at a time. Do not pay less than the Kingdom average, or you'll lose city sentiment. Wages are not paid to the unemployed, so you actually save money on high unemployment (but little compared to its risks).
 * Taxes: While wages are paid automatically to anyone who works in your city, you have to take care of the tax you are due. People won't pay or will skip on paying unless their house is visited regularly by a Tax Collector. You cannot have a tax collector's office until you build a Palace. Taxes are 9% by default and you can adjust them any time within certain limits. Raising the tax will get you grumbling, lowering it below the default will bring you the love of your citizens.
 * Trade: You should seek to have a positive trade balance, i.e. more money from exports than you spend on imports. In your Overseer of Commerce you can see the buy and sell prices of all the available goods. Notice that importing a good costs more than the revenue from exporting the same good would bring in. Trade is, at most times, the most important money source in the game.
 * Tribute: A small yearly donation to the Pharaoh's treasury deducted automatically. You can check the amount of tribute you pay in the Treasury Overseer, but that's about all you can do about it.
 * Gifts, Requests and Extortion: Raw gold is also infrequently the subject of Kingdom requests. You are virtually never required to send gold someplace in the Kingdom unless your city has the ability to mine gold. On the other hand, in the later missions where you are the Pharaoh, cities will from time to time offer you some money as a thank-you when you have sent them goods. Finally, enemies may try to extort you for any number of goods, often gold, with the added bonus that they will attack if you don't pay. (Don't cave in to extortionists, though, if you have an able military, you can easily defeat them, and not giving in to such demands raises your Kingdom rating quite a bit.)
 * Personal Savings: These come from your accumulated salaries. Your monthly salary depends on your rank and you only can get paid when you have a Mansion built. Family savings carry over between missions (in case they don't in your game, get a patch where they do. This would be the original Pharaoh 1.0, for Cleopatra get version 2.1, as in 2.0 (basic Cleopatra) your savings do not carry over at all), but not between campaigns (i.e. the periods, like Old Kingdom, etc.). You can choose how much you pay yourself, but overpaying will make you less popular in the Kingdom. Your pay is drawn from your main city funds, so you can save some money (and improve your Kingdom rating) by not paying yourself (or paying yourself less). You can also give any amount of your savings back to the city treasury at any time. The alternative way to spend it is to use it to buy gifts for Egypt, raising your Kingdom rating a litlle. Note that gifts cost a percentage of your savings, not a fixed amount. The same price class of gift (modest/generous/lavish) will buy you the same increase in Kingdom sentiment, regardless of its nominal price at the time.
 * Theft and Plundering: In case your city sentiment is poor and your police force is puny, you can get stolen from. Thieves will usually steal in the hundreds at a time and will not make a distinction between family and city savings. When you fail to stop an enemy army from destroying one of your money-holding buildings (Palace, Mansion, Tax Collector), they will pillage it, causing you to lose money (amount depends on what building they pilfered and how much you have in total, can be significant).
 * Gold Mining: The easiest source of income, which is only available in a few missions. A gold vein capable of supporting ten gold mines will get your city fixed for life, but in half the missions where gold is available, the veins cannot support more than 5 mines, if even that. Five mines is more than enough to start the city, but not enough to keep a large metropolis going. Also, you still need a positive trade balance to achieve most prosperity rating goals, so you may not be able to beat the mission with gold mining alone. Gold from gold mines is always taken into your Palace, so be careful to build it as close as possible to the mines to avoid stalling production due to a long hauling distance.

Founding a Prosperous Economy
For a simple, general to-do list when starting a city of any kind, see Getting Started.

When you are starting your city on a green field (as you do in most missions), first pause the game and do a general survey of your situation. Be sure to read the mission goals first. Then, look around the map to identify potential resources and think about a working layout for your city. You should keep in mind that industry and trade both work best if the distances between the ports/storage yards/primary industries/secondary industries are all as short as possible. If you want efficiency, no single delivery man should have to go more than the diagonal length of one screen (on 1024x768 resolution) with his load. When you have the rough layout in your head, keep it there and proceed to check what primary and secondary industries are available to you.

Once done, go to the world map and check out how many cities want to trade with you, which goods, how many of them and how much it costs to open the trade routes (as you probably won't be able to afford to open two 1500 db. trade routes at the beginning of the mission). Then check the price list in the Overseer of Commerce and identify exportable goods with high profit margins (entire sell price if you can make the good entirely in your city, or the difference between finished good sell price and raw material purchase price if you need to import raw materials). In most missions you should be able to identify at least two goods on which you can turn a profit greater than 100 db. per 100 units (100 db. per 1 unit for "block" goods like weaponry).

Use all this information to get an idea of your city's physical layout, as well as its industrial and trade focus. At this point you should have enough information to be able to make necessary changes to the city founding progression listed in Getting Started (at the bottom of that page).

Remember to consider the question of military if yours is a "fighting" mission - how strong a military will you need, what types of units (land/naval/transport), how soon? You have to guess most of this based on the mission briefing, as you will not be given the luxury of detailed advance warnings about future attacks. Usually, when you receive intel that you're about to be attacked, it's already too late to start creating a response force, you have to have it ready beforehand, at least in part. If you think you'll need some military soon, you'll likely have to make compromises in early city development.

Then, you can unpause the game and start playing. As you play more missions and get more experience with the game, your pre-start guessing and planning will surely become much more spot-on.