Battlestations: Midway/Submarine Tactics

Operating submarines requires extreme patience, because while devastating since they can launch a spread of four torpedoes in front of them, they are also one of the slowest units in the game.

For those who are attempting to sink a submarine, don't use torpedoes. Torpedoes are too shallow to strike at a submerged submarine. Only depth charges are effective against them.

Destroyer-launched depth charges are effective against submerged subs, but air-dropped depth charges can in fact hit surfaced subs too. Dropping them like a bomb on a surfaced sub causes, in fact, more damage than any kind of bomb or torpedo. A single pair of air-dropped charges is more than enough to sink a completely healthy sub.

Most kinds of bombers can equip depth charges (most notable dive and torpedo bombers) but are the deadliest when equipped on recon planes like the PBY Catalina. Their innate sonar allows them to detect submarines on their own and strike without fear of counter-attack, while dive and torpedo bombers rely on another ship's sonar to identify the target.

Subs also have another small element attached to them - their periscope. Activate it the same way you would your binoculars. The only difference is that it can't look up. Additionally, if you're at depth level 2 and a ship passes over you, your periscope could be "smashed off". There's nothing you can do about it at this point (not even the repair screen) but don't worry - the periscope will magically reappear after a short while.

Note that subs require a LOT of micromanagement. In the event you're playing a map like Coral Sea, it's best to give your other units away and focus on the submarine until it goes down, then ask for your units back.

It's also a good idea to have a fighter patrol the skies above you. Not only will this protect you from Depth Charge Judies, but they will also allow you to see them come in. As a submarine you will not see any planes on radar unless you surface.

Depth Levels
There are four depth levels which submarines can operate at. The dive and surface controls toggle which of the four depths you will go to.
 * Surface: The sub is extremely vulnerable on the surface. Anything can strike it, and will cause a lot of damage. Air-dropped depth charges can easily fry a surfaced sub, as can torpedoes and cannon fire. To assist a little, the Narwhal and Type B submarines have a cannon that allows them to take pot-shots at other ships while surfaced. They also have a small machine gun to ward off planes, and additionally they can use their torpedoes. Air is replenished at this depth level.
 * Attack Depth: Also known as periscope depth, this is where you should be when you're readying for an attack. You can raise your periscope at this depth and use it to observe your surroundings and track enemy targets. It's basically a submarine version of the binoculars. Enemies can spot periscopes in the water, but they are often very small and difficult to see. Torpedoes can be launched at this depth, but if the target is very close, torpedoes can fly under them. The minimum torpedo range is approximately 0.2 nautical miles. Beware also of depth charges - they cause a lot of damage at this depth.
 * Manoeuvring Depth: The third depth level is where you should be spending most of your time. Depth charges cause considerable damage at near misses, but the damage is reduced significantly than from Attack Depth. This is where you should be spending most of your time.
 * Crush Depth: The final depth level is as deep as you can possibly go. Here is where you re-enact the scene in every submarine movie ever made: "The hull canna take teh pressuar, captain!" Water pressure begins harming your hull, and you'll take tiny but consistent damage until you rise. The advantage to being at crush depth is that you are so deep enemy sonar cannot spot you, and you are invincible to depth charges. You can wait the enemy out here, but ultimately you'll be forced to get to depth level 3.

Oxygen
Although submarines today have an almost limitless supply of oxygen due to advanced electrolysis techniques, subs of WW2 didn't have that luxury, and therefore had to surface periodically for air.

You won't die if you run out of oxygen, but you will be forced to the surface, where you'll be vulnerable to pretty much everything. You'll also give away your position, thus negating the stealth you need as a submarine which allows you to evade destroyers and whatnot.

Fortunately subs can stay under for quite a long time (several minutes), and it only takes about four or five seconds to completely refill. These five seconds, however, mean you're at the surface, where you're most vulnerable.

Torpedoes
Torpedoes are your primary weapon as a submarine, but there are several problems with them. A submarine's most glaring weakness is that it can't hit anything in the sky. Only by surfacing can you fire at air targets, and even then your single machine gun may as well be a pea-shooter. Another weakness of the torpedo is how difficult they are to use. Unlike every other type of ship weapon, you have a fixed number of torpedoes and no way to replenish them (actually, you can replenish torpedoes by approaching a shipyard, but most maps lack one). You must, therefore, make each torpedo count.

Torpedoes are also very slow, and when firing at ranges beyond 0.5 nautical miles, chances are the enemy warships will evade your attacks.

When launched at depth 2, the torpedoes will take about 2 seconds to rise to the surface. Until then they simply swim under anything, so firing a torpedo at point-blank range will, most often than not, actually result in your torpedoes being too deep to strike the enemy hull.

Like ship-launched torpedoes, submarine torpedoes can steer themselves to a small degree. You can fire torpedoes approximately 30 degrees to the left or right of the bow or stern. When launched, the torpedoes will travel straight until they clear the sub, at which they will turn towards the crosshair, rising to the surface at the same time.

The advantage to torpedoes is their sheer power. Two torpedoes can sink a destroyer (especially if its crew is at general quarters and not ready to take on water damage) or a cargo ship. Four can sink a heavy cruiser. Six can sink a battleship or carrier. You have over 30 torpedoes. Be happy, submariners.

The Head-On Attack
Most destroyers, once they spot you, will make a beeline straight for you, obviously intending to get on top of you and sink you with depth charges. You can turn this against them by performing a head-on attack. A head-on attack is difficult to do, but a master of the manoeuvre can sink enemy destroyers with a submarine, inverting the typical role between subs and destroyers.

The head-on attack is just what it sounds like - going head-to-head with a destroyer. If the enemy is in a straight line for you, you can't miss since the enemy warship isn't moving laterally. Once you're almost right on top of each other - at 0.3 nautical miles or less (but not so close your torpedoes don't rise to the surface in time - that's what makes the move tricky) - unleash two or more torpedoes (more if captained by another player).

If all goes well, your torpedoes should hit the bow of the enemy warship, which registers as a hit. Dive to crush depth to avoid a counter-attack (and to prevent your periscope from being smashed off - fortunately this goes away after a while). If two or more torpedoes connected, the enemy destroyer should be heading for the bottom.