There are 7 weather effects in the game with distinct properties.
General mechanics
The duration of an effect is always equal to the number of players at the start of the game. For example, 3v3 games have 6 players, so the duration is 6 turns.
Some effects place objects on the map in the form of a vertical beam. Shots that pass through the beam are affected. The location of the beam is indicated several turns in advance.
During the duration of an effect, it may not be the case that all players get a turn. This may be due to delay changing the turn order.
Moon
At the start of each player's turn, they recover a small amount of HP. Bionic mobiles recover significantly more health than others.
Eclipse
Items may not be used. Items are simply disabled for all players. This is known as "Item Lock" from the message that appears while the status is active.
Meteor
When this effect first appears, causes the wind to change randomly. No other effect during its duration.
Thor
A blue satellite known as Thor hovers in the air on all levels. While this weather effect is active, Thor is active: any projectile which hits the land or a player causes Thor to fire a laser at the point of impact. The laser deals additional damage it it hits a player. If there is land in the way of the laser, the laser will create a hole in the land.
Force
A yellow beam appears on the map. Projectiles which travel through it deal increased damage.
Note that shots which do not deal damage by themselves will be unaffected by Force.
Lightning
A beam of lightning appears on the map. Projectiles which travel through it are electrified.
An electrified projectile creates a bolt on impact. The bolt strikes from above, stopping when it hits land. This creates a small hole in the land. The bolt deals damage and shocks nearby players.
Tornado
A vertical, blue vortex appears on the map. The way projectiles travel through the vortex is as follows: as it enters the vortex, it maintains direction and velocity. It travels forward, reflects off the edge, travels backward, reflects off the other edge, then travels forward until it exits the vortex. The projectile resumes its trajectory before it entered the vortex. You'll have to see it to believe it.
This has the effect of increasing or decreasing the distance which shots travel.