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The '''Vectrex''' is a vector display-based video game console that was developed by [[Smith Engineering]]. It was licensed and distributed first by [[GCE]], and then by [[Milton Bradley]] after their purchase of [[GCE]]. It was released in November, 1982 at a retail price of $199; as [[Milton Bradley]] took over international marketing, the price dropped to $150 and then $100 shortly before the Video Game Crash of [[1983]].<ref>The Encyclopedia of Consoles, Handhelds & Home Computers 1972 - 2005 book</ref> The [[Vectrex]] exited the market in early 1984. | |||
The Vectrex | Unlike other non-portable video game consoles, which connected to televisions and rendered raster graphics, the Vectrex has an integrated vector monitor which displays vector graphics. The monochrome Vectrex uses plastic screen overlays to generate color and various static graphics and decorations. At the time, many of the most popular [[arcade]] games used vector displays, and [[GCE]] was looking to set themselves apart from the pack by selling high-quality versions of games such as [[Space Wars]] and [[Armor Attack]]. | ||
While it is a mainstay of disc-based console systems today, the Vectrex was part of the first generation of console systems to feature a boot screen, which also included the [[Atari 5200]] and [[ColecoVision]]. | The Vectrex comes with a built-in game, the [[arcade]] [[Asteroids]] clone [[Mine Storm]]. Two peripherals were also available for the Vectrex: a Light Pen and a 3D Imager. The Vectrex was also released in Japan under the name [[Bandai|Bandai Vectrex Kousokusen]]. | ||
While it is a mainstay of disc-based console systems today, the Vectrex was part of the first generation of console systems to feature a boot screen, which also included the [[Atari 5200]] and [[ColecoVision]].<ref name="digibarn">[http://www.digibarn.com/collections/games/vectrex/Image28.jpg Digibarn.com]</ref> | |||
==System features and innovations== | ==System features and innovations== | ||
The Vectrex was the first system to offer a 3D peripheral, the Vectrex 3D Imager, predating the [[Sega Master System]] | |||
The Vectrex was the first system to offer a 3D peripheral, the Vectrex 3D Imager, predating the [[Sega Master System|Sega Master System's]] SegaScope 3D by about four years.<ref name="3d">"Farewell To Vectrex" article, Electronic Games magazine, September, 1984 issue</ref> Also, early units have a very audible "buzzing" from the built-in speaker that reacts to the graphics generated on screen. This is due to a lack of shielding between the built-in CRT and the speaker wiring and was eventually resolved in later production models. This idiosyncrasy has become a familiar characteristic of the machine. | |||
Several companies offered or included Vectrex software in their products or promotions. The liquor company Mr. Boston gave out a limited number of customized cartridges of [[Clean Sweep]]. The box had a Mr. Boston sticker on it. The overlay was basically the regular [[Clean Sweep]] overlay with the [[Mr. Boston]] name, logo, and copyright info running up either side. The game itself had custom text, and the player controlled a top hat rather than a vacuum. | Several companies offered or included Vectrex software in their products or promotions. The liquor company Mr. Boston gave out a limited number of customized cartridges of [[Clean Sweep]]. The box had a Mr. Boston sticker on it. The overlay was basically the regular [[Clean Sweep]] overlay with the [[Mr. Boston]] name, logo, and copyright info running up either side. The game itself had custom text, and the player controlled a top hat rather than a vacuum. | ||
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Some of the Vectrex's games feature unusual qualities or innovations, and new games are still being produced today by homebrew video game programmers. | Some of the Vectrex's games feature unusual qualities or innovations, and new games are still being produced today by homebrew video game programmers. | ||
The game built into the Vectrex, [[Mine Storm]], would crash at level 13. However, on some machines the game would continue much farther, with levels containing very unusual characteristics. Consumers who complained to the company about the crash at the 13th level received a replacement cartridge in the mail. Entitled [[Mine Storm 2]], it was the fixed version of the Vectrex's built-in game. However, not many wrote to the company about it due to no advertisement of any sort, making [[Mine Storm 2]] one of the rarest cartridges for the Vectrex system. | The game built into the Vectrex, [[Mine Storm]], would crash at level 13. However, on some machines the game would continue much farther, with levels containing very unusual characteristics. Consumers who complained to the company about the crash at the 13th level received a replacement cartridge in the mail. Entitled [[Mine Storm 2]], it was the fixed version of the Vectrex's built-in game. However, not many wrote to the company about it due to no advertisement of any sort, making [[Mine Storm 2]] one of the rarest cartridges for the Vectrex system. | ||
Many critics believe that the system had a lot going for it, but merely was at the wrong place at the wrong time, due to it being released just prior to the Video Game Crash of 1983. These critics praise the system's durability (holding up surprisingly well, even to the present day) and a controller that was very well designed for its time.<ref>Video Game Critic's [http://videogamecritic.net/vecinfo.htm Vectrex System Review]</ref> | |||
==Technical specifications== | ==Technical specifications== | ||
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===Display=== | ===Display=== | ||
The cathode ray tube is a Samsung model 240RB40 monochrome unit measuring 9 × 11 inches, displaying a picture of 240 mm diagonal; it is an off-the-shelf picture tube manufactured for small black and white television sets. A vector CRT display such as the one in the Vectrex does not require a special tube, and differs from standard raster-based television sets only in the control circuits. Rather than use sawtooth waves to direct the internal electron beam in a raster pattern, digital-to-analog converters drive the horizontal and vertical deflection electromagnets. Those deflection electromagnets are wound on a standard yoke used in television sets, and the high-voltage transformer is also an off-the-shelf TV component. Such use of existing television technology was already established by arcade games such as the [[arcade]] game [[Asteroids]]. | The cathode ray tube is a Samsung model 240RB40 monochrome unit measuring 9 × 11 inches, displaying a picture of 240 mm diagonal; it is an off-the-shelf picture tube manufactured for small black and white television sets. A vector CRT display such as the one in the Vectrex does not require a special tube, and differs from standard raster-based television sets only in the control circuits. Rather than use sawtooth waves to direct the internal electron beam in a raster pattern, digital-to-analog converters drive the horizontal and vertical deflection electromagnets. Those deflection electromagnets are wound on a standard yoke used in television sets, and the high-voltage transformer is also an off-the-shelf TV component. Such use of existing television technology was already established by arcade games such as the [[arcade]] game [[Asteroids]]. | ||
==3D Imager== | ==3D Imager== | ||
The 3D Imager spins a disk which is half black and half colored bands that radiate from the center (usually red, green and blue) between the viewer's eyes and the Vectrex screen. The Vectrex is synchronized to the rotation of the disk (or vice versa) and draws vectors corresponding to a particular color and/or a particular eye. Therefore only one eye will see the Cectrex screen and its associated images (or color) at any one time while the other will see nothing. | The 3D Imager spins a disk which is half black and half colored bands that radiate from the center (usually red, green and blue) between the viewer's eyes and the Vectrex screen. The Vectrex is synchronized to the rotation of the disk (or vice versa) and draws vectors corresponding to a particular color and/or a particular eye. Therefore only one eye will see the Cectrex screen and its associated images (or color) at any one time while the other will see nothing. | ||
A single object that does not lie on the plane of the monitor (i.e., in front of or into the monitor) is drawn at least twice to provide information for each eye. The distance between the duplicate images and whether the right eye image or the left eye image is drawn first will determine where the object will appear to "be" in 3-D space. The 3-D illusion is also enhanced by adjusting the brightness of the object (dimming objects in the background). Spinning the disk at a high enough speed will fool the viewer's eyes/brain into thinking that the multiple images it is seeing are two different views of the same object. This creates the impression of 3-D and color. The same 3-D effect is in fact possible with raster or film-projection images, and the shutter glasses used in some 3-D theaters and virtual reality theme park rides work on the same principle. | |||
==The end?== | |||
Even though the Vectrex's production was ceased in 1984, there were plans to bring it back as a handheld unit in 1988. However, once it was discovered of [[Nintendo|Nintendo's]] plans of releasing their original [[Game Boy]] unit, the idea was scrapped. | |||
In February, 1995, however, the Vectrex was given a rebirth by homebrew programmer Sean Kelly, releasing the first version of his Sean Kelly Multicart, although arguably the real start occurred in March, 1996, when John Dondzila released the first new Vectrex game (in over 10 years) of [[Vector Vaders]], following up with several more cartridges that year, and now dozens of other homebrew games have been released by several other programmers since, with no end in sight. | |||
{{-}} | |||
==Games== | ==Games== | ||
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*''[[Art Master]]'' (requires Light Pen) | *''[[Art Master]]'' (requires Light Pen) | ||
*''[[Armor Attack]]'' | *''[[Armor Attack]]'' | ||
*''[[Bedlam]]'' | *''[[Bedlam (video game)|Bedlam]]'' | ||
*''[[Berzerk]]'' | *''[[Berzerk]]'' | ||
*''[[Blitz!]]'' | *''[[Blitz!]]'' | ||
*''[[Clean Sweep]]'' (aka ''Mr. Boston'') | *''[[Clean Sweep (video game)|Clean Sweep]]'' (aka ''Mr. Boston'') | ||
*''[[Cosmic Chasm]]'' | *''[[Cosmic Chasm]]'' | ||
*''[[Spinball]]'' (aka ''Flipper Pinball'') | *''[[Spinball]]'' (aka ''Flipper Pinball'') | ||
*''[[Fortress of Narzod]]'' | *''[[Fortress of Narzod]]'' | ||
*''[[Heads Up]]'' (aka ''Soccer Football'') | *''[[Heads Up (video game)|Heads Up]]'' (aka ''Soccer Football'') | ||
*''[[Hyperchase]]'' | *''[[Hyperchase]]'' | ||
*''[[Melody Master]]'' (requires Light Pen) | *''[[Melody Master]]'' (requires Light Pen) | ||
*''[[Mine Storm]]'' | *''[[Mine Storm]]'' | ||
*''[[Mine Storm 2]]'' | *''[[Mine Storm 2]]'' | ||
* | *[[Mine Storm III]]'' | ||
*''[[Polar Rescue]]'' | *''[[Polar Rescue]]'' | ||
*''[[Pole Position]]'' | *''[[Pole Position]]'' | ||
*''[[Rip-Off]]'' | *''[[Rip-Off]]'' | ||
*''[[Scramble]]'' | *''[[Scramble (arcade game)|Scramble]]'' | ||
*''[[Solar Quest]]'' | *''[[Solar Quest (arcade game)|Solar Quest]]'' | ||
*''[[Space Wars]]'' | *''[[Space Wars]]'' | ||
*''[[Spike]]'' | *''[[Spike (video game)|Spike]]'' | ||
*''[[Star Castle]]'' | *''[[Star Castle]]'' | ||
*''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture]]'' (aka ''Star Ship'') | *''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture (video game)|Star Trek: The Motion Picture]]'' (aka ''Star Ship'') | ||
*''[[Starhawk]]'' | *''[[Starhawk (arcade game)|Starhawk]]'' | ||
*''[[Web Wars]]'' (aka ''Web Warp'') | *''[[Web Wars]]'' (aka ''Web Warp'') | ||
== Unreleased prototypes == | |||
*''Berzerk II'' | |||
*''[[Cube Quest]]'' | |||
*''Dark Tower'' | |||
*''Pitcher's Duel'' | |||
*''Tour De France'' | |||
*''3D Pole Position'' (requires 3D Imager) | |||
*''Engine Analyzer'' (requires Light Pen) | |||
*''Melody Master II'' (requires Light Pen) | |||
*''Mail Plane'' (requires Light Pen) | |||
==Modern day homebrews== | |||
*''[[3D Lord of the Robots]]'' | |||
*''[[3D Sector-X]]'' (requires 3D Imager) | |||
*''[[3D Sector-X Hell's Fury]]'' | |||
*''[[3D Scape]]'' (standard edition) | |||
*''[[3D Scape First Edition]]'' | |||
*''[[All Good Things]]'' | |||
*''[[Berzerk Debugged]]'' | |||
*''[[City Bomber]]'' | |||
*''[[Colorclash]]'' (limited edition) | |||
*''[[Colorclash Slim]]'' | |||
*''[[Colorclash Slim Limited Edition]]'' | |||
*''[[Continuum]]'' | |||
*''[[Continuum The Infernal Tetramorph]]'' | |||
*''[[Continuum The 7 Pillars of Purgatory]]'' | |||
*''[[Continuum Time Warp]]'' | |||
*''[[Cube Quest]]'' | |||
*''[[Debris]]'' (limited edition) | |||
*''[[Debris]]'' (exclusive edition) | |||
*''[[Debris Revisited]]'' | |||
*''[[Debris Revisited VIP]]'' | |||
*''[[Gravitrex Plus]]'' | |||
*''[[I, Cyborg]]'' | |||
*''[[I, Cyborg: Edition X]]'' | |||
*''[[I, Cyborg: OMEGA]]'' | |||
*''[[Logo]]'' | |||
*''[[Moon Lander]]'' | |||
*''[[Nebula Commander]]'' | |||
*''[[Omega Chase]]'' | |||
*''[[Omega Chase Deluxe]]'' | |||
*''[[Omega Chase Deluxe - Collector's Edition]]'' | |||
*''[[Patriots]]'' | |||
*''[[Patriots Limited Edition]]'' | |||
*''[[Patriots|Performance VX]]'' | |||
*''[[Pitcher's Duel]]'' | |||
*''[[Protector LE]]'' | |||
*''[[Protector/Y*A*S*I]]'' | |||
*''[[Revector]]'' | |||
*''[[Rockaroids]]'' | |||
*''[[Rockaroids Remix]]'' | |||
*''[[Royal 21]]'' | |||
*''[[Royal 21 Boston]]'' | |||
*''[[Royal 21 Christmas]]'' | |||
*''[[Royal 21 Vegas]]'' | |||
*''[[Sectis]]'' | |||
*''[[Sectis Limited Edition]]'' | |||
*''[[Shifted]]'' | |||
*''[[Space Frenzy]]'' | |||
*''[[Spike Hoppin']]'' | |||
*''[[Spike's Circus]]'' | |||
*''[[Spike's Water Balloons Analog]]'' | |||
*''[[Spinnerama]]'' | |||
*''[[Star Sling]]'' | |||
*''[[Star Trek Debugged]]'' | |||
*''[[Sundance]]'' | |||
*''[[Thrust]]'' | |||
*''[[Tour de France]]'' | |||
*''[[Tsunami/VIX]]'' | |||
*''[[V-Frogger]]'' | |||
*''[[V-Hockey]]'' | |||
*''[[Vaboom!/Vectrace]]'' | |||
*''[[VeCaves/Spike's Spree]]'' | |||
*''[[Vecmania]]'' | |||
*''[[Vec Sports Boxing]]'' | |||
*''[[Vec Sports Boxing Limited Edition]]'' | |||
*''[[Vectoblox]]'' | |||
*''[[Vectopia]]'' | |||
*''[[Vector 21]]'' | |||
*''[[Vector 21: A Fistful of Wildcards!]]'' | |||
*''[[Vector 21: OMEGA]]'' | |||
*''[[Vector Pilot]]'' | |||
*''[[Vector Vaders]]'' | |||
*''[[Vectrexians]]'' | |||
*''[[Vectrexians Deluxe]]'' | |||
*''[[Verzerk]]'' | |||
*''[[War of the Robots]]'' | |||
*''[[War of the Robots: CGE2K3]]'' | |||
*''[[War of the Robots: OMEGA]]'' | |||
*''[[War of the Worlds]]'' | |||
*''[[War of the Worlds Time Rift]]'' | |||
*''[[Zantis]]'' | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
* [http://www.vectrexmuseum.com Vectrex Museum] | * [http://www.vectrexmuseum.com Vectrex Museum] | ||
* [http://vectrex.atarihq.com Spike's Big Vectrex Page] | * [http://vectrex.atarihq.com Spike's Big Vectrex Page] | ||
''This article uses material from the [http://vectrex.wikia.com/wiki/Vectrex Vectrex] [http://vectrex.wikia.com/wiki/ Vectrex wiki] article and is licensed under the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License].'' | |||
[[Category:Smith Engineering]] | [[Category:Smith Engineering]] | ||
[[Category:Second-generation consoles]] | [[Category:Second-generation consoles]] | ||