Chozo Ruins
The hint system points to a new upgrade and the path to get there goes through the Arboretum. There is a major boss battle this time and nearest save point is the one near the Gathering Hall some distance away.
Arboretum
Return to the Arboretum. You need to get to the top of the room, but the door there is locked by four runic symbols as in the Watery Hall. So you might as well scan the symbols to unlock it as you make your way up.
First go to the bridge that connects the tree to the ledges on the perimeter. The first symbol is right where the bridge connects to the tree. Drop down to the ledge next to this and look across the water to a ledge under the bridge with what looks like red Tangle Weed. (You'll be able to identify this in a bit.) Shoot at the weeds to make them retract and reveal the second symbol. Go back and cross the bridge and start scaling the ledges right, but locate and destroy a wasp nest on the tree before you get too close and the wasps attack.
There is a channel in the wall, so switch to Morph Ball and follow it, clearing the stone blocks with bombs as you go. Switch back when you exit the channel and find the third symbol next to a step. Before going farther, locate a second wasp nest on the tree up ahead and take it out before it makes any trouble.
Hop up the next step to another channel in the wall. This times it's blocked by the red weeds; scan them to learn that they're called Venom Weed. They look and act much like Tangle Weed except they're toxic. Shoot them to make them retract, then switch to Morph Ball and get through the channel before they reappear.
Go up a couple more steps, then turn turn around and follow the wall to the left instead of to the right, and soon after you land on the ledge with the gate. The final symbol is on the tree across from this.
The open gate reveals a blocked tunnel, so drop a bomb to open it and go through. The fire a missile to unblock the door and go through.
Sunchamber Lobby
This passage is guarded by Venom Weed and Reaper Vines. Lay down some fire to clear a path in the weeds before shooting a vine to make it retract, then step forward to next patch of weeds to do the same.
Sunchamber Access
More Venom Weed and Reaper Vines are here. Be sure to get the boxes near the end to top off you health and/or missile supply.
Sunchamber
When you enter the room a giant carnivorous plant appears in the middle of the room. Vines grow in front of the door preventing your escape and a battle begins.
Flaagra was the source for the toxins in the water, so you can now safely take a dip anywhere in the the Chozo Ruins. The vines that grew around the door where you came in are still there, so you can't get back that way. There is another door here though; collect the Varia Suit to unlock it. With this suit you're starting to look a lot like you did at the start of the game.
The Varia Suit doesn't unlock any new exploration in the areas you been to so far; the one additional room in the Chozo Ruins that you can enter now is still a dead end. It does allow you to reach two new areas though so start heading for them now.